October 2014 is the month of eclipses. Not only will there be a total lunar eclipse on October 8, but there is also a partial solar eclipse on October 23.

But what exactly is an eclipse and what is the difference between a lunar and solar one?

An eclipse happens when one astronomical body is hidden behind another one, either because the first body is passing into the shadow of the other body or the first is passing in front of the second body.

On Earth, the two most common kinds of eclipse are solar and lunar. A solar eclipse occurs when the shadow of the moon crosses the Earth. This happens because the moon passes between the Earth and the sun, which blocks our view of the sun. It only happens during a new moon, because that's when the sun and moon are in alignment.

During a total solar eclipse, the sun is completely hidden by the moon. Most eclipses, however, are only partial, meaning that only a small part of the sun is hidden during the event. Solar eclipses can only be seen from a small portion of Earth, based on the alignment of sun, moon and Earth at the time.

A lunar eclipse happens when the moon moves behind the Earth and into its shadow. This is also caused by a close alignment of the sun, Earth and moon during a full moon. Unlike a solar eclipse, though, you can see a lunar eclipse from all over the world. It also lasts a few hours, unlike a solar eclipse, which only lasts a few minutes.

Although researchers argue over the first written recording of an eclipse, writers, philosophers and others referred to their occurrences. Even Homer's Odyssey mentions this celestial event:

"The sun has perished out of heaven," writes Homer. "And an evil mist has overspread the world."

Scientists also know when eclipses will happen in the future. NASA keeps a record of eclipses on its Eclipse website, going back to 2010 and up to 2020. According to this data, we can expect the next total solar eclipse in 2017.

Although lunar eclipses are safe for watching with a telescope or the naked eye, solar eclipses take more preparation. Because it is unadvisable to stare directly at the sun, scientists recommend only using proper methods for viewing that protect the eyes, such as #14 welder's glass and eclipse shades. You can also buy solar filters for safe viewing on telescopes. Never look directly at the sun.

Some also suggest that you should never view an eclipse alone, so be on the lookout for local eclipse parties, such as the Total Lunar Eclipse Viewing Party in Portland on October 8. Check your local listings for similar events.