Japan is set to expand its GPS-style satellite system to 11, improving location accuracy nationwide by several centimeters, according to Tokyo's space policy committee. 

Nikkei Asia reports that the Michibiki Quasi-Zenith Satellite System, a network of satellites in geosynchronous orbit above Japan and Australia, will be upgraded with the additional satellites, allowing users to determine their precise location without relying on the American network.

Why Japan Is Upgrading Its GPS System

Satellite positioning is possible with four or more satellites, but a more significant number of satellites is ideal for obtaining stable positioning information. 

However, the number of visible GPS satellites is less in urban and mountainous areas where satellite signals are obstructed by structures like buildings and trees, making the stable acquisition of positioning information impossible in some cases.

Currently, the system functions with four satellites as a complementary aid to GPS. However, if seven more satellites are incorporated, the system could operate independently of GPS, providing coverage for almost all of Japan, including urban and mountainous regions.

Nikkei highlihts that the upgrade is important for several reasons. Precise location information is essential for self-driving automobiles and delivery services using drones, with such needs growing in Asia and Oceania. The expanded Michibiki system will promote the use of the technology overseas.

The first Michibiki satellite was launched in 2010 on a Japanese H-IIA rocket, and the system has operated with four satellites since 2018.

Other Considerations

Nikkei tells us that an independent Japanese system holds great importance from a national security standpoint. In the event of Japan's inability to utilize GPS for any reason, the country could still gather precise information during natural disasters or other emergencies. 

A 2017 Forbes article tells us that Japan had long expressed reservations about continuing to rely on the US-launched GPS, which became operational in 1995. Japan was, and still is, extremely open about establishing similar indigenous capability in the event that it was cut off or refused access.

In the Asia-Oceania region, users can determine their location with high accuracy by receiving signals from both American GPS satellites and Michibiki. While civilian use of GPS alone is accurate within several meters, the combined service allows for centimeter-level accuracy.

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Although the American GPS and China's BeiDou navigation satellite system function globally and consist of numerous satellites, Michibiki is tailored to operate solely over a specific region. With 11 satellites in operation, the system is deemed "complete," according to experts.

The committee's space plan, which encompasses the upgrade of Michibiki, is anticipated to be approved by the cabinet this summer. However, there is no set target date for the expansion as yet.

The expansion of the Michibiki system will greatly benefit Japan and neighboring countries, offering enhanced accuracy in location information for various purposes. This will enable safer and more efficient travel, improved delivery services, and advanced national security measures.

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