A recent study by the International Labour Organization (ILO) has indicated that the introduction of generative artificial intelligence (AI) technology is more likely to enhance job roles by automating certain tasks rather than completely replacing human jobs.
The study, titled "Generative AI and Jobs: A global analysis of potential effects on job quantity and quality," emphasizes that the adoption of generative AI, such as ChatGPT, is expected to augment jobs by automating specific tasks within roles rather than entirely displacing human workers.
This approach is projected to lead to changes in job quality, particularly in terms of work intensity and autonomy. ILO is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN).
Exposure to Automation Due to AI
The research found that jobs and industries are only partially exposed to automation. Instead of job destruction, the primary impact of generative AI is anticipated to be on the quality of jobs.
Clerical work was identified as the most exposed category, with a significant proportion of tasks considered highly or medium-level exposed. In contrast, occupations like managers, professionals, and technicians demonstrated lower exposure levels.
Interestingly, the study's global scope unveiled differences in the effects of AI adoption based on countries' development levels and existing technological disparities.
High-income countries are expected to face more exposure, while the risk of automation in low-income countries is minimal. However, the potential for augmentation remains consistent across countries, hinting at AI's positive impact on developing nations with the right strategies in place.
Gender disparities were also highlighted in the study, with female employment being more affected by potential automation than male employment. This discrepancy stems from the overrepresentation of women in clerical roles, especially in higher-income countries.
The research raises the possibility that certain clerical jobs might not emerge in lower-income countries due to AI's influence. The study suggests that the socioeconomic consequences of Generative AI depend on how its integration is managed.
The paper advocates for policies that support a fair and consultative adaptation to ensure a smooth transition. It emphasizes the importance of workers' participation, skills training, and social protection in managing the effects of AI on jobs.
Without such measures, there is a risk that only a select few countries and market participants will benefit from the technology.
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Generative AI Technology on Jobs
The authors underline that the outcomes of the technological shift are not predetermined; humans play a crucial role in guiding the transition.
The study concludes by noting that the insights offered by this analysis can guide governments and stakeholders in designing proactive policies that promote a balanced and regulated integration of generative AI technology to enhance job quality and preserve employment.
The study employed the GPT-4 model to assess the potential exposure of occupations and tasks to Generative AI, providing insights into the global impact of this technology.
It suggests that while clerical work may be highly exposed to Generative AI, the primary effect is likely to be task augmentation, improving job quality rather than fully automating roles.
The study underscores the significance of social dialogue and regulations to ensure that the integration of AI leads to high-quality employment opportunities.
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