The White House has issued a directive to NASA, tasking the space agency with the creation of a novel time zone designated specifically for the Moon.
This directive underscores the intricate nature of timekeeping in space exploration endeavors, emphasizing the relativity of time itself.
This rare celestial event will display a Supermoon, and it will be a Blue Moon, plus the majestic planet of Saturn will also appear near it. (Photo: PATRICK T. FALLON/AFP via Getty Images)
Directing NASA for Lunar Time Zone Creation
The White House instructs NASA to develop a new lunar time zone amid emerging space race dynamics. This initiative reflects the evolving landscape of space exploration, with the US, China, Japan, India, and Russia competing in a 21st-century space race.
Outlined in a policy memo, the directive tasks NASA with establishing Coordinated Lunar Time (LTC) by 2026 to serve as the official time standard for future lunar missions.
Under the memo's guidance, NASA will collaborate with various government agencies, including the Departments of Commerce, Defense, State, and Transportation, to formulate a strategy for implementing LTC by December 31, 2026.
International cooperation will also be integral, particularly with signatories of the Artemis Accords. These accords, established in 2020, outline shared principles for space exploration among 37 participating countries, excluding China and Russia.
Amid a surge in missions to celestial bodies like the Moon, Mars, and beyond by various entities, including NASA, private companies, and international space agencies, OSTP Deputy Director for National Security Steve Welb has emphasized establishing consistent time standards for celestial operations.
The differences in gravitational pull and movement patterns between Earth and the Moon, as outlined by Einstein's theories of relativity, necessitate such standards. Time moves slightly faster on the Moon due to its weaker gravity, resulting in an average gain of 58.7 microseconds per Earth day.
This disparity highlights the need for a unified time standard to ensure synchronization of technology and missions requiring precise timing as countries plan endeavors for research, exploration, and potential habitation on the Moon.
Importance of Unified Time Standards in Space Exploration
NASA's chief of space communications and navigation, Kevin Coggins, explained to Reuters the crucial need for a distinct timekeeping system on the Moon, highlighting the difference in the rate of clocks between Earth and its satellite.
He drew comparisons to the atomic clocks at the U.S. Naval Observatory, emphasizing the importance of synchronizing operations both on Earth and the lunar surface.
The White House's directive aims for the new Lunar Time Coordinate to harmonize with Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), which serves as the global standard for time measurement across Earth's various time zones.
The memo underscores the necessity for LTC to facilitate precise navigation and scientific ventures on the Moon. Additionally, LTC is expected to demonstrate resilience in the event of communication loss with Earth while ensuring adaptability for future space missions beyond the Earth-Moon system.
NASA's Artemis initiative is geared towards launching manned missions to the Moon, marking the first return since the Apollo expeditions of the 1960s and 70s.
In January, the space agency disclosed plans for Artemis 2, a mission slated for September 2025, intending to orbit the Moon with a crew of four. Following closely, Artemis 3, anticipated to see humans stepping onto the lunar surface, is scheduled for 2026.
