NASA has released new images that shed light on the eating habits of supermassive black holes, drawing on data from the retired Spitzer Space Telescope to provide fresh insights into the behavior of these cosmic behemoths.

Spitzer Offers Clues into the Eating Habits of Black Holes

The images captured by NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope reveal streams of dust extending thousands of light-years toward the supermassive black hole at the center of the Andromeda galaxy. 

These streams offer clues about how these colossal black holes, which are billions of times more massive than our Sun, consume matter in a manner that keeps their luminosity relatively stable.

NASA explains that as these supermassive black holes ingest gas and dust, the material becomes heated just before it is pulled into the black hole's gravitational grasp. 

This process generates intense emissions of light, often brighter than a galaxy brimming with stars. The variability in brightness of these black holes is influenced by how the material is consumed, particularly if it is in clumps of varying sizes.

In contrast to other supermassive black holes that exhibit significant fluctuations in brightness, the black holes at the hearts of our Milky Way galaxy and the neighboring Andromeda galaxy are notably subdued in their luminosity. 

This suggests they consume their cosmic meals in a steady, controlled manner rather than in sporadic, large clumps. 

Read Also: NASA's Roman Space Telescope to Hunt Primordial Black Holes-But How?

Andromeda's Supermassive Black Hole Eating Habits

A recent study published earlier this year delved into the behavior of Andromeda's supermassive black hole, applying the hypothesis that a quiet black hole sustains itself on a steady stream of gas. 

Through computer simulations, researchers modeled the behavior of gas and dust near Andromeda's black hole over extended periods. 

The simulations revealed the formation of a compact disk of hot gas in close proximity to the black hole, continuously feeding it. This disk is sustained by multiple streams of gas and dust, according to NASA.

However, the study also highlighted the importance of these streams maintaining a specific size and flow rate. If the streams were to deliver matter irregularly in larger clumps, it would result in more pronounced fluctuations in brightness.

By analyzing archival data from Spitzer and NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, researchers compared their simulation findings with observations of spirals of dust spotted by Spitzer around the Andromeda galaxy. 

This comparison led the researchers to conclude that these spirals are actively feeding the supermassive black hole at the galaxy's core.

The utilization of archival data from Spitzer underscores the value of reexamining existing datasets to glean new insights, aligning with the latest computational models in astrophysics. 

Almudena Prieto, an astrophysicist at the Institute of Astrophysics of the Canary Islands and the University Observatory Munich, emphasized the significance of this approach, noting that data collected two decades ago can reveal previously unrecognized details when reevaluated.

"This is a great example of scientists reexamining archival data to reveal more about galaxy dynamics by comparing it to the latest computer simulations," Prieto said in an official statement.

"We have 20-year-old data telling us things we didn't recognize in it when we first collected it."

Related Article: NASA Chandra Captures a Rapidly Growing Yet Underachieving Black Hole